Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative option for most patients with myeloid malignancies, but it carries high risks and relapse rates. TCR-engineered T cells offer a promising alternative to CAR T cells by enabling targeting of intracellular cancer antigens. This review summarizes clinical trial data on TCR therapies in blood cancers and explores their potential in myeloid malignancies. The authors highlight the need to remove the therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells to have effective treatment of the malignancies, and that success depends on identifying novel targets and TCRs, improving preclinical testing, and ensuring open data sharing to accelerate clinical progress.
This publication is a result of a longstanding collaboration with Sten Eirik Jacobsen´s team at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden and Johanna Olweus at PRIMA, and great contributions from three talented young scientists: Zsofia Foldvari , Margs Brennan and Aleksei Titov.
Foldvari, Z., Brennan, M.S., Titov, A. et al. Targeting the roots of myeloid malignancies with T cell receptors. Nat Rev Cancer (2025)